https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/65570/archive/files/47def42a8a0bee643b4cb3e62652ac2b.pdf?Expires=1792627200&Signature=G1v53hVfdxVyqxm8-VGqFL5T1h%7E2sygWEu5Xrqz0a3jsFPAxjVmw8vgA5pai8U5SkXwaTHi5c-uZ-St9fu3dXfvcx-npP54K-yGdAcFTglBt1VmEGCkB4mNnwpAer9SIM9rmcvMkYrU2oqWyVSzNhDpKoDwDbY2gQnsbmGi9oTHyB0EVCxmvgw-Vu3l1wTqmrSd9oY9n87eCDFwRYcGg%7E3Q0n-fjbyech4rdjbvvuv1sX5X%7EBNZd-g%7ESnMM-sHO-0FgHxcz5HJvpmxi5Jc6tLODDDmvYxYZeRmDzUoI5iZM80WZ1HXNOLEI8DtKRxvx2JFmd3B8ORGymijce696Ikg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 64a3f57f507c4c7fcc937eef12dd2ffa PDF Text Text BLUEGRASS ROOTS KGS • Founded 1973 Preserving • Sharing • Connecting Great news! Summer 2019 KGS has permission to record Seminar 2019 featuring The Genetic Genealogist! IN THIS ISSUE . . . SEMINAR 2019 COMING ON VIDEO! LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT KGS Election 2019 Page 1 Page 2 MEET YOUR KGS BOARD Linda Colston Page 3 KGS TAKING APPLICATIONS FOR NEW DIGITIZATION GRANTS Page 4 THE CHIPMANS OF WILLIAMSTOWN Page 5 NEWS & EVENTS Page 7 BRITTON BRIDGES OF LOGAN COUNTY Page 9 AND THE WINNER IS . . . Caroline Short Redding Page 14 NEW ON THE WEBSITE! Page 15 GALLERY Page 17 BOOK REVIEWS Page 18 SOURCE NOTES Page 19 for Britton Bridges of Logan County Stay updated on KGS news and events on Facebook! In April, KGS had to close registration for this year’s seminar with Blaine Bettinger on using DNA in genealogy. Many more wanted to register the event on Aug. 3, but the venue in Frankfort could not hold more than the 160 who had already registered. Dr. Bettinger saved the day! He has given permission for KGS to record his four seminar presentations and make them available online for a limited time to KGS members. His agreement stipulates that KGS charge a fee, but he has generously donated the proceeds to KGS. We’ll be putting each dollar to work to benefit KGS members and researchers of Kentucky ancestors. Everyone with a paid seminar registration will have access to the videos free of charge – a great way to catch those details that were missed or not understood. Watch the KGS website, Facebook page, and email for an announcement when the videos become available. Please allow a few weeks after the seminar on Aug. 3 to allow for post-production and posting. Here’s a reminder of the four sessions that will be available: • Using Autosomal DNA to Explore Your Ancestry • Using Autosomal DNA for 18th & 19th Century Mysteries • Are You Doing Everything to Identify Your Matches • Introduction to Chromosome Mapping �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 2 Letter from the President Take the Reins! Help guide the future of KGS It’s election time ! Every two years, members of the Kentucky Genealogical Society choose board members to lead the society into the future. Summer is the time to start building a slate of candidates for election in November. KGS needs people excited about the possibilities and are willing to serve two-year terms in these positions: • President – Guide/coordinate the board as it builds programs and services to benefit members. • Vice President for Administration – Choose presenters for 2nd Saturday Genealogy programs. • Vice President for Membership – Sign up and communicate with new members. • Corresponding Secretary – Answer the mail or distribute it to appropriate board members for response. • Recording Secretary – Take notes during board meetings and maintain them for future reference. • Treasurer – Receive and deposit money coming in and write checks for money going out. • Members at Large – Three members who don’t hold an office but help good things happen in KGS. Those are the basic duties for each office. For details, go to kygs.org > “About KGS” > “KGS Bylaws.” Starting in August, a nominating committee will invite some of you to run for election. Sure, it’s easy to say “no,” but I hope you will say “yes.” KGS gets stronger every time a person volunteers who hasn’t volunteered before. That person brings fresh ideas, new enthusiasm, and other good stuff that leads to programs and services for KGS members. When that happens, more people join. With that comes more income, which leads to more services, which leads to even more members, which leads to . . . well, you get the idea. Not close to Frankfort? No worries. There are ways you can serve electronically from home. The 10 people now on the board have served for a total of 51 years. I think all of us feel pride in the board’s accomplished, and I think all of us enjoy serving. Still, we know that “new blood” can spark a renaissance in any organization. Please nominate yourself or another KGS member – or say “yes” if you’re asked to serve. Bluegrass Roots is a publication of the Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602. Editor: Fran Salyers Assistant Editor: Karen Newman Submit comments, queries, manuscripts, or questions to publications@kygs.org. ________________ The Kentucky Genealogical Society expressly prohibits any claim of endorsement by the Society without prior written approval by the KGS Board of Directors. Entities claiming such endorsement without said approval may be subject to legal action. All materials appearing in this publication are copyrighted to KGS and/or the authors of submitted articles. While KGS strives for accuracy in all content published herein, KGS does not accept responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, completeness, legality, or reliability of submitted materials or for results obtained from the use of submitted information. Advertising: Bluegrass Roots accepts advertising for products and services of interest to genealogists and family historians. Rates: Full page $100, half page $50, quarter page $25. Charge waived for ads promoting nonprofit genealogy/family history events that are open to the public with or without a registration or admission charge. For specifications and deadline information, go to www.kygs.org and click on “Bluegrass Roots." The Kentucky Genealogical Society reserves the right to refuse any ad for any reason. © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 3 Meet a KGS Board Member . . . Linda Spencer Colston Immediate Past President 1. What is your name and place of birth? Linda Spencer Colston, born in Pontiac, Michigan. 2. Where do you live now? Frankfort, Kentucky. 3. How long have you been working on your genealogy/family history — and why did you start? More than 30 years. I was in Frankfort, working two floors above the state’s Vital Statistics office. I became interested in those birth and death records. Also, the difference in my Michigan family and my Kentucky family intrigued me. Once bitten, no cure. 4. How many hours a week do you do genealogy? At least 25-30. 5. What other hobbies/interests do you have? Before genealogy: quilting, cross-stitching, crocheting, etc. After genealogy: Reading, auctions, genealogy. 6. What kind of work do you do to support your genealogy habit? Pre-retirement, I worked for the State of Kentucky. After retirement, I work parttime at the Kentucky History Center and have my own genealogy business. 7. Which ancestor is you biggest "brick wall"? Ancestor as in singular? Ha! On the maternal side it is the exact location (with documentation) of my maternal grandmother’s side in Prussia. On the paternal side, Joseph Spencer apparently was dropped in North Carolina, per DNA. Archie Crawford showed up in Kentucky and no one seems to agree on his parents. The Watkins line has two illegitimate/missing father events. 8. What aspect of genealogy do you enjoy doing most? I’m still trying to figure that out, although writing is not my strong suit. 9. What happens to the family names, dates, places, and stories you discover? I am trying to maintain both paper files and electronic files. I’m still attached to paper, especially after having to redo everything early on because of a computer crash. I produce a family calendar every year, and I share it with those who are interested and/or when something interesting comes to light – a new cousin, a new family story, etc. I have a blog but haven’t had time to add to it. 10. What is one bit of advice or favorite genealogical resource you like to share with other researchers? Documenting and analyzing are critical. Use original records whenever possible, and look for more than one piece of evidence (whether direct or indirect) to support your conclusion. �BLUEGRASS ROOTS Bluegrass Roots PAGE 4 PAGE 4 KGS Taking Applications for New Digitization Grants Program If your genealogical or historical society or historical record repository or archive has records to digitize but the money just isn’t in the budget for that, consider applying for the Digitization Grant now offered by the Kentucky Genealogical Society. KGS launched this new program this year to help increase the number of Kentucky historical records available online – especially those records with genealogical significance. The total grant funding for this first round of applications is $5,000. Individual grant amounts will vary depending on need. Interested? Please read the information below and share what you read with organizations that could benefit from a grant. For more information and downloadable application forms, see www.kygs.org. Kentucky Genealogical Society Digitization Grant What? – The Kentucky Genealogical Society is launching a digitization grant program to encourage and inspire the digitization records of a genealogical nature. Projects must relate to Kentucky historical records of genealogical significance. Digitization projects could range in scope from traditional to non-traditional genealogical records. Examples include local or organization newspapers, local directories, school or organization yearbooks, local records, church records, organization records, school records, trade or vocational records, and more. How? – Applicants commit to digitizing the records and making at least one copy of the digital records available to the Kentucky Genealogical Society. KGS will host those records online via the KGS web site and make them accessible to researchers who are members of the Kentucky Genealogical Society. For information and applications, go to www.kygs.org. Why? This program aligns with the Kentucky Genealogical Society’s mission of preservation, sharing, and connecting. We want to encourage and inspire organizations to digitize their records and make those records accessible to genealogical researchers. Call to Action! – KGS needs volunteers to serve on the grant selection committee. The committee will include two members living in Kentucky and two members living outside of Kentucky. Time commitment is expected to be approximately five hours total. If interested, please send email to grant@kygs.org. © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS ROOTS Bluegrass Roots PAGEPAGE 5 5 The Chipmans of Williamstown, Ky. A photo story submitted by their great-granddaughter Jeanette Rimer Keller Ernest Chipman, born 20 May 1880 in Williamstown, Grant County, Kentucky; died there 4 Nov 1950 Margaret “Maggie” Henry Sheriff, born 9 Sep 1880, Williamstown, Grant County, Kentucky; died there 17 Nov 1959 Marriage: 27 Sep 1900 Williamstown, Grant County, Kentucky Margaret “Maggie” Sheriff at age 3 in 1884 © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS BLUEGRASSROOTS ROOTS “Maggie” Sheriff (seated, center) and her siblings Nine children were born to Henry B. And Sarah McGowan Sheriff between 1862 and 1880. Two died in infancy in 1864. Those in the photo: Mary Jane (1865-1951) Laura Ellen (1867-1904) Sallie B. (1869-1954) Thomas S. (1872-1954) Lutie F., (1875-1898) John F. (1878-1944) Margaret H. “Maggie” (1880-1959) Ernest Chipman at his desk in 1942. He was president of the Grant County Deposit Bank and served as county judge. Readers may reach descendant Jeanette Rimer Keller by email at Keller.jr.1216@gmail.com. © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org 66 PAGE PAGE �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 7 News & Events! Places to go, people to see, things to do in genealogy Events July 8: Genealogy 101 – 6 p.m. - 9 p.m., Paris-Bourbon County Library, 701 High Street , Paris, KY, 40361, Presenter: Suzanne Dungan,  https://events.time.ly/ v2hbkss?event=7681100&instance=20190708180000 July 18: DNA Special Interest Group, Louisville Genealogical Society – 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., New AlbanyFloyd County Public Library/Strassweg Auditorium, 180 W. Spring St., New Albany, Indiana; Presenters: Debra Renard and Deborah Campisano. https://kylgs.org/ eventListings.php?nm=34 July 20: Find A Grave Meetup, Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, Ky. 8:30 a.m. to 11 a.m. For adults and high schoolers. Bring a phone or camera to take pictures. Task: To respond to researchers who posted requests on Find A Grave for photos of their ancestors’ headstones. Registration begins June 20. For more info: https://www.lexpublib.org/event/find-a-grave-meetup/ 2019-07-20t083000-2019-07-20t110000 Jul 27: Scandinavian Genealogy – 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m., Ohio History Center, 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Presenter: Ross Nelson, $20/Adult; $15/Ohio History Connection member.  https:// 13329a.blackbaudhosting.com/13329a/GENScandinavian-Genealogy  Aug. 1: DNA Special Interest Group, Louisville Genealogical Society. See July 18. The group will also meet on Sept. 5. Aug. 3: Kentucky Genealogical Society Annual Conference – Presenter: Blaine Bettinger. Sold out, but get on the stand-by list if interested. See details in this issue and at kygs.org. KGS 2nd Saturday Genealogy! These events are at the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History, 100 W. Broadway, Frankfort. Get details at kygs.org. July 13 – Gail Miller, CG, specialist in Kentucky and Tennessee research. Topics: Analysis and Persistence: A Case Study in Using Kentucky Records; Getting Hitched and Unhitched in Kentucky: Marriage and Divorce Records Reveal More than Dates. August 3 – The FIRST Saturday – KGS Seminar featuring Blaine Bettinger on using DNA in genealogical research. Tickets are sold out, but see Page 1 for news about a new opportunity for members to benefit from his sessions. Sept. 14 – To Be Announced Oct. 12 – SPECIAL EVENT – an allday 2nd Saturday Genealogy at the Scott County Public Library in Georgetown. Presenter: Liz Stratton. Watch the KGS website and Facebook for details. Nov. 9 – Kent Robinson, immediate past National president of Palatines to America – German Genealogy Society For program details as they become available, visit https://kygs.org/ eventListings.php?nm=38 �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 8 News & Events! (continued) August 23 & 24: Kentucky History and Genealogy Conference – Mercer Public Library, 109 W. Lexington St, Harrodsburg. 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. both days See http://www.mcplib.info/KHGConference.html Sept. 20 & 21: The 18th Annual Eastern Kentucky Genealogy and History Conference – Ramada Inn, Paintsville. Watch for details at http:// www.lckghs.com/ or contact Victoria L. Moore at bhictoria.ni.omordha@gmail.com. Sept. 25-27: Graves Family Gathering and Tours – Touring Kentucky historical and Graves family sites in Louisville, Bardstown, Frankfort, Woodford County, and Lexington. Especially for but not limited to descendants of the Graves ancestors of Virginia and St. Mary's County, Maryland who migrated to Kentucky in the 1700s and early 1800s. QUERIES • Free. For details and updates, contact Steve Graves at sgraves@tampabay.rr.com or see http:// eogn.wikidot.com/eogn-calendar:kentucky Oct. 18 & 19: 10th Annual Genealogy Jamboree and Pioneer Days – Cumberland Gap, Tenn. Learn more at https://genealogyjamboree.us/ and on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/ genealogyjamboree/. Oct. 26: 12th Annual Family History Conference – 8:30 a.m. - 2:00 p.m., Northern Kentucky Family History Center, 144 Buttermilk Pike, Lakeside Park, Ky. Presenter: Tony Burroughs, founder and CEO of Black Genealogy. For info and a link to online registration, see the center’s FamilySearch page: https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/ Northern_Kentucky_Family_History_Center. QUERIES • QUERIES EDRINGTON Seeking info connecting Joseph Morris EDRINGTON (b. 1806 Woodford County, Ky.; d. 1846, location unknown) to parents Benjamin Franklin EDRINGTON (1770-1850) and Lettice/Letitia HICKMAN EDRINGTON (1776-1817). Both parents died in Franklin County, Ky.  I have a Woodford County, Ky. marriage license 1829 for J.M. EDRINGTON and Lucy B. JOHNSON. Judith Neese jneese66@gmail.com FULCHER, HILL Seeking info about Wilma FULCHER, b. 2 May 1933 Calloway County, Ky. Mother possibly Lena HILL, who died circa 1915. Father possibly Coy or Carl FULCHER. Hoping to confirm names of parents and siblings. Summer Barrios slynnbarrios@yahoo.com © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 9 Britton Bridges of Logan County, Kentucky and His Slaves by Dawn C. Stricklin, PhD1 When Britton Bridges first arrived in St. Francois County, Missouri between 1848 and 1849,2 almost nothing was known about him or his relatives, if he had any.3 The 1850 census recorded that Britton was born about 1775 in North Carolina, and that a forty-year-old free mulatto named Daniel Williams was living with him in his household. 4 Britton was also enumerated as owning three slaves.5 By the time the 1860 census was enumerated, however, Britton, his slaves, and Daniel had seemingly vanished from Missouri almost as quickly as they appeared. Research into their lives resulted in a virtual journey through three different states. Logan County, Kentucky Several men named Britton Bridges appear in the 1840 census, but none matched the subject’s 1775 birth year.6 The search then shifted onto the only other named person in his household, Daniel Williams. Shortly after Daniel arrived in Missouri, he filed his certificate of emancipation at the St. Francois County Court: “…I Marmaduke B Morton as clerk of the said Logan county [Kentucky] court do certify that at a county court held for said county at the court house in Russellville on the 25th day of May 1846 the following order was made to wit: Daniel one of the slaves emancipated by the will of Robert Williams Decd appeared in court he is about twenty seven years old, about five feet seven inches high, stout, and well made he is a mulatto and yellow man. In testimony that the foregoing order is truly and correctly copied from the Order & Record book of the said Logan county court, I hereto act my name and affix the seal of said county court the 30th day of June 1846 and in the 55th year of the Commonwealth…”7 The search immediately moved into Kentucky (see map). On 7 October 1827, Robert Williams of Logan County, Kentucky signed a will that was later proved in court nineteen years later on 27 April 1846. The will included two bequests for both Britton and Daniel: �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 10 “…I give and bequeath to my Bro Brittain Bridgers my lot in the Town of Columbia Maury County Tennessee. No. seventy four, containing seventy two square poles…it being the same I purchased of him To him and his heirs forever…. I give in addition unto my beloved sister Sarah, Daniel until he shall arive [sic] to the age of thirty years at which time my will & desire is that he enjoy the rights & privolage[sic] of a free man…” (bold added).8 Although the will established Robert Williams as Britton’s brother, the differing surnames indicated that they were probably step-brothers. A further search into the Logan County, Kentucky wills revealed an 1818 inventory and appraisement for the estate of Jesse Williams. In that inventory, two men—Britton Bridges and John Bridges—owed Jesse’s estate money.9 Published genealogies state that Britton Bridges was the step-son of Jesse Williams and that his mother’s name was Mary Dickinson, but no father’s name is provided. 10 Given that Britton gave North Carolina as the place of his birth, a search was also conducted in the wills for that state for people with the Bridges and Dickinson surnames. In 1783, Edwin Bridges of Northampton County, North Carolina signed a will that was proved that same year. His will provided for his wife, Mary Bridges, and several children, including John, Edwin, Elizabeth, and Mary, and appointed his, “…well beloved friends John Dickinson Jun & Richard Jordan…” as his executors.11 Four years later, John Dickinson of Northampton County signed his will and provided bequests for his daughter Mary and two of his grandsons: “…I give devise and bequeath to my Daughter Mary Williams two Negroes Named Rachal the Elder and Ned to she and Heirs Her Heirs for ever…I give Devise and bequeath unto my grandson Robert Williams two Negros Named Luke and Darkes to him and his Heirs for ever…I give Devise and bequeath unto my Granson [sic] Britain Bridgers the Land and plantation that I purchased of James Mashbrown[?] Containing two hundred and seventy acres also three acres that I purchased of Bryan Doughty also one Negro boy Named Will to him and his Heirs forever…” (bold added). 12 The wills confirmed that Britton Bridges, who was likely named Britton Edwin Bridges at birth, was the son of Edwin Bridges and Mary Dickinson, the brother of John Bridges, likely the stepson of Jesse Williams, and the half-brother of Robert Williams. It is not known what happened to Will, the slave that Britton inherited from his maternal grandfather, but when Robert signed his will in 1827, he still had Luke in his possession (See Table 1 in Endnotes). Daniel Williams In his 1827 will, Robert Williams owned a total of twenty-six slaves (Table 1), but by the time the 1840 census was enumerated, the unmarried Robert Williams owned fifty-two slaves.13 Although Britton didn’t inherit any slaves as a result of Robert’s will, he did acquire slaves in the subsequent division of Robert’s estate. In 1846, Britton was given Lot 9 which consisted of three slaves: Tabitha, valued at $350; Ann, valued at $400; and Jerry, valued at $450.14 On 30 June 1846, Daniel was legally emancipated. 15 However, even before this, he was recognized as a free man because in May of that year, Daniel had begun to purchase items from Roberts estate, including a trundle bed, twenty-two pigs, a drawing knife and rule, and renting Robert’s saw and gristmill until January 1847.16 In November of 1846, Daniel also purchased �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE additional items, including a cow and calf, two ovens, and two stocks of poplar wood.17 He also paid $5.00 to hire the slave Tabitha until December 25th of that year.18 Like Harrison Williams, another slave of Robert Williams who was emancipated, Daniel may have intended to remain in Logan County.19 However, when Britton left Kentucky and moved to Missouri in 1848, Daniel followed him across the country. The Move West After Britton moved to Missouri, he first lived on the farm of Dr. Nicholas Fleming as an unmarried tenant,20 with his three slaves 21—Jerry, Tabitha, and Ann. According to testimony supplied by many of his neighbors after his death, Bridges was either an alcoholic, senile, or mentally ill, and was described as “deranged” and “insane” by some.22 Britton’s three slaves had to contend with his erratic behavior on a regular basis and on numerous occasions, they attempted to intervene when the situation became dangerous. For example, “…After he [Britton] had been there a short time on a wet day when we had not been doing much on account of the rain Bridges looked very singular he went into some kind of fit he was sitting down with a knife in his hand he suddenly jumped up and made out like he was trying to use it his negro boy Jerry Caught him from behind & we took the knife from him He after a while got worse & Commenced taking off his clothes we laid hold of him & Prevented him He got his shoes and coat of[f], we trying to prevent him Mr Dolton and my Brother whom I had sent for now Came in & we all four laid hold of him to stop him but he striped [sic] himself naked in spite of all we could do…”23 Britton exhibited behavior that was deemed socially inappropriate by his neighbors, such as the time that one of them witnessed him hugging and kissing his male slave, Jerry, or the times people watched Britton eating with his hands.24 Whether or not Britton’s slaves consistently took proactive roles in the management of their master’s behavior, other than disarming him, can only be left to conjecture. However, what is clearly understood is that both Britton and his slaves often found themselves at the mercy of unscrupulous whites. Sometime after the 1850 census was enumerated, Bridges became convinced that his slaves were going to become violent towards him. Acting on this impulse, he traveled to the home of his neighbor, John Griffin, and asked Griffin to subjugate his slaves to prevent any future violence that might occur. Griffin was willing to do so provided that Britton provided him with a bill of sale for all three slaves, and that once he received it, Griffin would, “…assist in governing them…”25 When Griffin received the bill of sale, he provided Britton with a note for $700 for all three slaves, apparently with the understanding that Britton could get his slaves back if he returned the note back to Griffin.26 Britton, however, could not come to terms with the fact that he had just sold his slaves, and for a sham price at that. Even though Britton gave Griffin a bill of sale, he believed that Griffin was going to help him monitor the slaves’ behavior.27 The fact that Britton didn’t really understand that he was selling his slaves isn’t surprising. During his short time in St. Francois County, Britton’s neighbors noted that when he traded and sold crops, that the trades were often bad and that he got cheated.28 His neighbor, Dr. Nicholas L. Fleming, was cognizant that Britton did not 11 �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE have the capacity to really understand what he was doing, saying that it was “…ridiculous for Griffin to cheat him out of his negroes when he was in that condition…” 29 The reality of the situation finally dawned on Britton when he learned that Griffin was planning to sell the slaves down south.30 The following day, Bridges approached a local man named Ignatius Beal and told him what had transpired the previous day. Beal reacted swiftly and asked Dr. Fleming to accompany him to Griffin’s house as a witness. When Beal and Fleming approached Griffin, they met him at his gate and Griffin refused take the note back. After having words, Beal threw the note at Griffin and forbade him from taking possession of the slaves.31 Through Beal and Fleming’s assistance, Britton was able to retain his slaves. It was around this time that Daniel Williams was arrested and placed in the St. Francois County jail. 32 After the fiasco with Griffin, Britton sold Ann to Dr. Fleming on 15 April 1851 for $600.33 Despite the purchase, Dr. Fleming continued to allow Britton the use of the slave Ann.34 This was particularly good for both Ann, who was now Dr. Fleming’s property, and her mother Tabitha,35 who remained Bridge’s slave. Bridges allegedly told one of his neighbors, Milton Sebastian, that he liked to keep Ann at his house for several reasons, one of them being that Ann’s children kept Tabitha company.36 Britton later pursued a charge against Daniel with disturbing the peace and a Recognizance to Keep the Peace was issued. On 5 May 1851, Britton dismissed his suit and Daniel was allowed to recover his costs,37 with the fees later being paid by Britton’s estate. 38 No documents have surfaced thus far that explains what Daniel may have done that led to his arrest, but his fear over the removal and sale of the slaves was likely a contributing factor. Records clearly identify Ann as the daughter of Tabitha. 39 Given that Daniel purchased the hire of Tabitha and later followed Britton and his slaves to Missouri,40 he was probably married to Tabitha via slave marriage and possibly Ann’s father. This is supported by an 1868 marriage record where Ann bears the surname of Williams,41 in contrast to Jerry’s descendants who bore the surname of Bridges. 42 Britton’s Death On 28 March 1857, Britton, now almost 82 years old, signed his will, making Stephen Douthit his executor. Britton died between the date he wrote his will and 2 April 1857 when it was recorded in the St. Francois County Probate Court. His will provided generously for his slaves— Jerry, Tabitha, Ann, and Ann’s children—and not only emancipated them, but provided them with cash.43 Britton’s will, however, would soon cause numerous problems. Immediately, Britton’s executor Stephen Douthit took possession of Ann and her four children.44 That same day, on 4 April 1857, just two days after Britton’s will was recorded, Dr. Fleming filed an affidavit at the county court stating that the five slaves were his personal property.45 A summons was issued to Stephen Douthit ordering him to hand the slaves over to the sheriff. 46 In the meantime, apparently no one in the county knew who Britton’s relatives were, so Douthit had four Executor’s Notices published in the Missouri Republican during May of that year.47 12 �BLUEGRASS ROOTS After three years of litigation in the St. Francois County Court, on 15 May 1860, Douthit asked for a change of venue, stating that the St. Francois County Court was prejudiced against him, and the case was transferred to nearby Reynolds County.48 On 22 September 1860 the Jury of the Reynolds County Court found in Dr. Fleming’s favor.49 That same day, Douthit’s lawyer appealed to the Missouri Supreme Court and a request for a new trial was filed on Douthit’s behalf.50 The Supreme Court of Missouri then affirmed the lower court’s decision, and Dr. Fleming retained ownership over Ann and her children.51 The last time that Ann appears in the written record is on 9 October 1868 when she married a freed slave named Isaac Moore. 52 In 1870, Isaac was living in the adjacent county of Washington, 53 but neither Lucy nor her children could be found. By 1860, Britton’s remaining slaves, Jerry and Tabitha, would have been freed as a result of Britton’s will.54 However, neither appear in the 1860 census. In addition, no male named Daniel Williams who fit the description could be located. Out of Britton and all the African Americans who traveled with him to Missouri, only Jerry’s descendants had issue. Not long after arriving in Missouri, Jerry met Clarissa, a slave of William McFarland, in St. Francois County.55 Together, the couple had at least six children, with at least five of those children having issue. 56 According to the testimony of Jerry’s daughter, Annie, Jerry came from California,57 so it is possible that after his emancipation, instead of coming from California that he temporarily moved to California. When the 1870 census was enumerated, Clarissa was listed as the head of household in St. Francois County and her youngest child, Jeremiah, was ten years old,58 but by 1880, she was listed as a widow. 59 
 See Endnotes starting on Page 19 PAGE 13 �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 14 And the winner is . . . Caroline Short Redding I was born Ruby Caroline Short in Harlan County, Kentucky to Tilman and Wilma Jean Price Short. My father’s family settled in the area around 1810, and my mother’s family came there from Morgan County, Tennessee for Grandpa to work in the mines. Dad served in WWII and met my mother in 1945 when he returned. Not wanting to work in the mines, he and mother joined the thousands emigrating from the mountains to look for work “up north.” I grew up in Columbus, Ohio and still live there. I have been working on my family history for more than 20 years, spending a great deal of time on it after my retirement in 2002. I’ve always enjoyed history and mysteries, and genealogy is a great melt of the two. My goal, when I started, was to get each of my family lines back to the time they came to the colonies, and I am still working on that. I have turned to DNA to help with brick walls and am really looking forward to Blaine Bettinger’s workshop at the Kentucky Genealogical Society Seminar in Frankfort on August 3. Thank you for reading Bluegrass Roots Caroline won a one-year renewal of her KGS membership. To enter the next drawing, send a message to publications@kygs.org from the email address associated with your membership. (If your email address has changed since you joined, please include your former email address so we can find you in the membership list.) That’s easy! The entry deadline is August 15, 2019. We’ll notify the winner by email, and we’ll share the good news in the next issue and on Facebook. One free membership renewal per member, please. KGS appreciates your membership. © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 15 New on the Web! An update on new resources added to kygs.org – the KGS website 2nd Saturday Genealogy Video Director Joe Hardesty of the Genealogical Research Library, National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, outlines strategies for researching at the SAR library in Louisville and also online. Kentucky Cemeteries Some researchers take a census of cemeteries, photographing and transcribing the names and dates on gravestones and even writing histories of the people buried there. One team of cemetery researchers led by Judy Lawless Smith has shared its cemetery research with KGS. Their database is now available to the public on the KGS website. The list includes 60 cemeteries in Russell County and three in Wayne County. Click on “Kentucky Cemeteries” in the menu on the left side of the home page. Would you like to add your cemetery census findings to the website? Send your info to projects@kygs.org. Photographs Beautiful images from long ago, most of them studio portraits – but who are they? Take a look! You might come face to face with one of your own ancestors. Click the “Photographs” link on the home page. If you have an unidentified photo of a Kentuckian of days gone by, send it to projects@kygs.org. See more on the next page . . . © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 16 New on the Web! (continued) Postcards If your ancestors lived in Louisville, these images will show you what they saw in that city during the early- to mid-1900s. The postcard images show parks, monuments, Cave Hill Cemetery, neighborhoods, and other sites. New Project for the Website – Indexing 45 years of Bluegrass Roots Thanks to a dedicated volunteer, every issue of Bluegrass Roots is now available on the website to KGS members. What a great resource! Next step: Indexing those issues, which go back to 1974. We’re “crowd sourcing” that task. The more people who participate, the faster the index will be complete, and the less each person will need to do. Here’s how it will work: • Volunteers will help on their own schedules, in their own homes, using their computers and online indexing software provided by KGS. • To minimize errors, each issue will be indexed by two people, and the two versions will be compared to identify differences and make corrections as necessary. This process is similar to one used by genealogy sites such as FamilySearch. NEEDED: A coordinator for this project Qualifications: Willingness to learn the online indexing process and coordinate the work of other volunteer indexers. Indexing experience is secondary to enthusiasm about the project. To volunteer to index or coordinate the project, send email to Rosemary McFarland at rmcfarla (at) hughes.net. © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 17 Gallery Two Undated Photos of Calvin Dorris Bowman, Sr. Calvin was born 15 May 1816 in Caldwell County, Kentucky, to Joseph and Jane Hobert/Hubbard Bowman. He left Kentucky as a young adult and married his first wife in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. He then moved to Livingston Parish, Louisiana, where he owned and operated several sawmills. Calvin married three times and had a total of 16 children. He died on 02 Aug 1888 in French Settlement, Louisiana and is buried in French Settlement Community Cemetery. Calvin’s only known siblings are Alzada Bowman Gregory of Marshall County, Kentucky and Elizabeth Bowman Bridges of Johnson County, Illinois. Submitted by 2nd great-granddaughter Kathleen Joyce Bowman at spooliebow@eatel.net Share your ancestral photos by sending them, along with identifying information and brief stories to publications@kygs.org. �BLUEGRASS ROOTS PAGE 18 When you buy, be sure to tell the seller you “saw it in Bluegrass Roots.” Book Reviews By Don Rightmyer Researcher/author David Dobson must be one of the most prolific writers of genealogical reference materials. We have reviewed several of his books in the past, and he is continually turning out new ones. These will be of particular interest to anyone interested in Scottish genealogy. Both are from Clearfield Press: Genealogical Publishing Co., 3600 Clipper Mill Rd., Suite 260, Baltimore, MD 21211. http://genealogical.com The Scottish Jacobites of 1715 and the Jacobite Diaspora. By David Dobson. $27.50 Paper. 196 pages. 2017. The author lists names of individuals who left Scotland during this period and includes as much descriptive and personal information about each person as he was able to verify, including age, port of departure from Scotland, and often the name of the ship on which they took passage and the intended destination. Dobson researched 43 different archival collections or published records to develop this book. listed alphabetically by last name/first name, and each has a brief description. The last section of this volume includes the names of ships and shipmasters that transported people between Scotland and the Netherlands. Volume III concludes with a list of the Scotch and Dutch publications in which the information was published. Scots-Dutch Links in Europe and America, 1575-1825. Vol. III. By David Dobson. 2016. Paper. 134 pp. $17.50. Clearfield Press: Genealogical Publishing Co., 3600 Clipper Mill Rd., Suite 260, Baltimore, MD 21211. http:// genealogical.com This new book is the third in a series documenting genealogical connections between Scots and Dutch citizens in both Europe and America from 1575 to 1825. The individuals identified in this book are © July 2019 • Kentucky Genealogical Society, PO Box 153, Frankfort, KY 40602 • www.kygs.org �Source Information for the article Britton Bridges of Logan County, Kentucky and his Slaves (Pages 8-12 in this issue) Endnotes 1 Dawn C. Stricklin, PhD, earned her MA and PhD degrees from Southern Illinois University. Dr. Stricklin’s research focuses on rural African American communities and indigenous tribes of the Northern Plains. She can be reached at stricklin@protonmail.com. 2 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Moses Sebastian testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 90. 3 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Thomas M. Landrum testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 39. 4 1850 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, District 80, sheet unpaginated, dwelling 132, family 132, Britain Bredgers [sic] household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M432, roll 413. 5 1850 U.S. Slave Schedule, St. Francois County, Missouri, District 80, sheet 663, lines 10-12, B. Bridgers [sic]; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M432, roll 424. 6 1840 U.S. census; digital images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M704. 7 St. Francois County, Missouri Emancipation Records, Slave Records Box 5 File 175, Daniel Williams emancipation; Circuit Clerk’s Office, Farmington. Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams will (1827); citing Logan County, Kentucky Will Book G: 552-554. 8 9 Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Jesse Williams inventory and appraisement (1818); citing Logan County, Kentucky Will Book B: 180-181. 10 For example, see the numerous online genealogies for this family on Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com). North Carolina Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, Edwin Bridges (1783); digital image, Ancestry.com (http:// www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018). 11 North Carolina Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, John Dickinson (1787); digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018). 12 1840 U.S. census, Logan County, Kentucky, population schedule, sheet 212, line 16, Robert Williams household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M704, roll 118. 13 Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); Robert Williams slave division; citing Logan County, Kentucky Will Book G: 586-587. 14 St. Francois County, Missouri Emancipation Records, Slave Records Box 5 File 175, Daniel Williams emancipation; Circuit Clerk’s Office, Farmington. 15 Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams sale (1846); citing Logan County, Kentucky Appraisals, Inventories, and Sales, 1845-1850, H: 274-276. 16 �17 Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams sale (1846); citing Logan County, Kentucky Appraisals, Inventories, and Sales, 1845-1850, H: 282-284. 18 Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams sale (1846); citing Logan County, Kentucky Appraisals, Inventories, and Sales, 1845-1850, H: 279-280. 19 Robert Williams’ will also emancipated a man named Harrison and “…his wife…,” named Chany. Both are found in the 1850 census in Logan County, Kentucky. Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams will (1827); citing Logan County, Kentucky Will Book G: 552-554. 1850 U.S. census, Logan County, Kentucky, population schedule, District 2, sheet unpaginated, dwelling 312, family 312, Harrison Williams household; digital image, Ancestry (http:// www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M432, roll 211. 20 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri); digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 49. 21 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Samuel P. Harris testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 50-51. Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), William H. Smith testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 33. 22 23 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Moses Sebastian testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 90. 24 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), William M. Sweeney testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 86. 25 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 84. 26 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 81-85. Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 84. 27 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Samuel P. Harris testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 52, 54. 28 29 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), William M. Sweeney testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 85-86. 30 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 84. �31 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 81-85. 32 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 84-85. 33Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri); digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 28. 34 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Thomas M. Landrum testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 38. 35 Samuel P. Harris named Tabitha as Ann’s mother. Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Samuel P. Harris testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 78. 36 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Milton Sebastian testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 71. 37 St. Francois County, Missouri Civil Circuit Court Book 3-4: 269; Circuit Clerk’s Office, Farmington. 38 St. Francois County, Missouri Probate Court, Britton Bridgers [sic] vs Daniel Williams (Man of Color), Britton Bridges Probate Packet 27; Missouri State Archives microfilm C8794. 39 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Samuel P. Harris testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 78. 40 Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams sale (1846); citing Logan County, Kentucky Appraisals, Inventories, and Sales, 1845-1850, H: 279-280. 1850 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, District 80, sheet unpaginated, dwelling 132, family 132, Britain Bredgers [sic] household; digital image, Ancestry (http:// www.ancestry.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M432, roll 413. 41 As Lucy Ann Williams, she married Isaac Moore, and both are identified as colored in the marriage record. St. Francois County, Missouri Marriage Book A (Negro): 216, Recorder’s Office, Farmington. 42 1880 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, St. Francois township, sheet 416C, dwelling 22, family 22, Clarissa Bridges household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm T9, roll 471513. 43 St. Francois County, Missouri Probate Court, Britton Bridges will (1857), Will Book 1:14-15; Probate Court, Farmington. 44 St. Francois County, Missouri Civil Circuit Court Records Vol. 5: 19; Circuit Clerk’s Office, Farmington. The Circuit Court commanded that the sheriff take possession of Ann and her four children and return them to Fleming. 45 46 St. Francois County, Missouri Civil Circuit Court Records Vol. 5: 19; Circuit Clerk’s Office, Farmington. Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri); digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 7-8. �47 St. Francois County, Missouri Probate Court, Executor’s Notice, Britton Bridges Probate Packet 27; Missouri State Archives microfilm C8794. 48 St. Francois County, Missouri Civil Circuit Court Records Vol. 5: 194; Circuit Clerk’s Office, Farmington. 49 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri), Ignatius Beal testimony; digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frame 58. 50 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri); digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1, frames 59-61. 51 Supreme Court of Missouri Historical Database; Nicholas Fleming v. Stephen Douthit (1860, St. Francois County, Missouri); digital image, Missouri State Archives (http://www.sos.mo.gov.com : accessed 25 Sep 2018); citing Missouri Supreme Court, civil case, box 475, folder 7, 15B/6/1. 52 St. Francois County, Missouri Marriage Book A (Negro): 216, Recorder’s Office, Farmington. 53 1870 U.S. census, Washington County, Missouri, population schedule, Osage post office, sheet 12, dwelling 178, family 178, J.N. Berryman household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M593, roll 825. 54 St. Francois County, Missouri Probate Court, Britton Bridges will (1857), Will Book 1:14-15; Probate Court, Farmington. 55 Library of Congress, “Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938,” digital image typescript, American Memory (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/ snhome.html): accessed 15 May 2010, memoir Annie Bridges, Farmington, Missouri, digital ID mesn 100/049044; citing WPA Federal Writers’ Project, Missouri Narratives, vol. 10, p. 44. Of all of the children listed in Clarissa’s 1870 and 1880 households, the death certificates of three children— Louis, Madison, and Annie—name Jerry as their father, though the others are likely his children as well. Louis Bridges, death cert. no. 34068 (1925), Mo. Dept. of Health, Jefferson City. Madison Lockard Bridges, death cert. no. 3207 (1929), Mo. Dept. of Health, Jefferson City. Annie Bridges, death cert. no. 15988 (1939), Mo. Dept. of Health, Jefferson City. 1870 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, Farmington post office, sheet 1-2, dwelling 8, family 9, Clarca [sic] McFarland household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M593, roll 807. 1880 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, St. Francois township, sheet 416C, dwelling 22, family 22, Clarissa Bridges household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm T9, roll 471513. 56 Library of Congress, “Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938,” digital image typescript, American Memory (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/ snhome.html): accessed 15 May 2010, memoir Annie Bridges, Farmington, Missouri, digital ID mesn 100/049044; citing WPA Federal Writers’ Project, Missouri Narratives, vol. 10, p. 44. 57 1870 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, Farmington post office, sheet 1-2, dwelling 8, family 9, Clarca [sic] McFarland household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M593, roll 807. 58 1880 U.S. census, St. Francois County, Missouri, population schedule, St. Francois township, sheet 416C, dwelling 22, family 22, Clarissa Bridges household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm T9, roll 471513. 59 �Table 1. The Slaves of Robert Williams 1827 Will Bequests1 TOTAL INHERITED BY RELATIONSHIP TO ROBERT Luke3 and his wife India (or Judea), Harison and his wife Chany,4 children Green and Moses 6 Emancipated by will ̶̶̶̶̶̶ Daniel (until age 30 when emancipated) 1 Sarah Watkins Sister Phoebe, Anaca, Ned,5 Solomon, Tildy, and Rachal5 6 Sarah Watkins Sister Julia and Washington 2 Susan L. Cheatham Niece Delia and Lucy 2 Olive D. Cheatham Niece Lindy and Peter 2 Martha W. Cheatham Niece Bed (woman) 1 Jessee Williams Nephew Mary 1 Nancy Williams Niece Allen 1 Eliza Williams Niece Jerry 1 Mary Gatewood Niece Grace 1 John Denton Nephew Lewis and George 2 Moses Wall Nephew SLAVES Total Slaves: 26 1847 Estate Division of Slaves2 SLAVES TOTAL INHERITED BY RELATIONSHIP TO ROBERT Hasty, Mary Jane, Major, Margaret, Arther, James, Annis, Arzuma, and Mariah 9 Nancy Gatewood Niece Frances, Harrit Ann, Charles, Isham, Merida, Anderson, Henry, and Elbert 8 Martha Cook Sister [?] Betty, Granville, and Lucinda 3 Elizabeth Saunders Sister Dick, William, Anna Loiza, Alfred, Sam, Oliver, Fed, Maranda, Emily, Beverly, and Isabella 11 Sarah Watkins Sister Caroline, Susan, and Wilie 3 Mary Wall Sister[?] Mack, Saunders, Little Wiley, and Amanda 4 John Williams Nephew [?] Willey and John 2 Arthur Williams Nephew [?] George Ann, Angelina, and Harriet 3 John Bridges Half-Brother Tabitha, Ann, and Jerry 3 Britton Bridges Half-Brother Warren, Isaac, and Malissa 3 Mary Porter Half-Sister Total Slaves: 49 Sources: 1Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, FamilySearch (http://www.familysearch.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); Robert Williams will (1827); citing Logan County, Kentucky Will Book G: 552-554. 2Kentucky Probate Records, 1727-1990; digital image, (http:// www.familysearch.com : accessed 19 Sep 2018); Robert Williams slave division; citing Logan County, Kentucky Will Book G: 586-587. 3Robert originally inherited Luke from his maternal grandfather, John Dickinson, of Northampton Co., N.C. He also inherited a woman named Darkes who likely died before Robert did. North Carolina Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, John Dickinson (1787); digital image, Ancestry.com (http:// www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 Sep 2018). 41850 U.S. census, Logan County, Kentucky, population schedule, District 2, sheet unpaginated, dwelling 312, family 312, Harrison Williams household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 24 Sep 2018); citing National Archives microfilm M432, roll 211. 5Ned and Rachel are possibly the slaves that Robert’s mother Mary inherited from her father, John Dickinson. North Carolina Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998, John Dickinson (1787); digital image, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 20 Sep 2018). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bluegrass Roots: Summer 2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kentucky Genealogical Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kentucky Genealogical Society Date Issued Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource. Summer 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bluegrass Roots Description An account of the resource Bluegrass Roots History For over 47 years, Bluegrass Roots was in newsletter format. In the early years, an issue would be on typewritten pages, stapled together, and gleefully mailed to waiting hands. At that time, online services did not exist so Bluegrass Roots was a treasure trove of contents. These earlier editions contained vital records, cemetery records, and genealogical techniques. News from other societies was also commonly available. With the exception of the first year and 2010, nearly all editions were published quarterly and available for download. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kentucky Genealogical Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kentucky Genealogical Society Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date Issued Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource. Summer 2019 Description An account of the resource Quarterly newsletter Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Volume 46 Number 02 Language A language of the resource English Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kentucky Genealogical Society Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright belongs to the Kentucky Genealogical Society; Individuals contributing content own their content. Subject The topic of the resource Genealogy: Kentucky Title A name given to the resource Bluegrass Roots Magazine: Summer 2019 Type The nature or genre of the resource text; image Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kentucky Genealogical Society